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First Law of Thermodynamics And Its Application
1. Thermodynamic System:
A thermodynamic system may be defined as definite amount of matter (solid liquid or gas) surrounded by some closed surface. Anything outside this system which can exchange energy with it is called its surrounding. Generally the state of every thermodynamic system is defined by three thermodynamic parameters, viz, pressure, temperature and volume.
1.
Thermodynamic
System:
A thermodynamic system may be defined as definite amount of matter (solid liquid or gas) surrounded by some closed surface. Anything outside this system which can exchange energy with it is called its surrounding. Generally the state of every thermodynamic system is defined by three thermodynamic parameters, viz, pressure, temperature and volume.
2.Thermodynamic Equilibrium:
The state of a system in which thermodynamic coordinates have definite values and they do not change as long as external conditions are unchanged is called the thermodynamic equilibrium state.
A system in thermodynamic equilibrium satisfies:
1. Mechanical equilibrium (no unbalanced forces)
2. Thermal equilibrium (no temperature differences)
3. Chemical equilibrium.
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4.Equation of State:
An equation of state is a relation between the thermodynamics coordinates of a system at equilibrium. The general equation of state is given as f(p,v,t).
.
For an ideal gas the equation
state takes the form PV=NRT
. For real gas there are various forms of
equation of state, the most well-known being Van der Waal’s
equation,
Where a and b are constants depending on the nature of gas.
5.Work done in various thermodynamic interaction:
( (a) Isothermal change: In this thermodynamic interaction temperature of the system remains constant. Hence dT= 0 for isothermal change.
(b) Adiabatic change: In this case no heat is allowed to enter or leave the system. Therefore, dQ = 0 for adiabatic change
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(c) Isobaric change : The pressure of the system remains constant during the interaction. Hence dP = 0 for isobaric change.
(d) Isochoric change : Volume of the system kept constant in isochoric change. Therefore, dV = 0. Hence work done by the system or on the system is zero in this case.
aarushi -3 days ago
sarah 3 days ago
do u think
spending four hour per day for 8months can do all for entrance?if
yes out of that how much time we should spend for biology physics
and chemistry
experts;-
@sarah for physics and chemistry you need to mainly understand concepts and formulas but for biology you need to learn everything, so 90 minutes reading of trueman and then attempting questions from objective book should be ideal.
so, i can say 90 minutes for biology and 90 minutes for physics and chemistry per day on average.
amit kumar 3 days ago
How to prepare for organic chemistry
Expert;-
@
Amit kumar
Organic Chemistry can be a difficult part for some students but you can still prepare it. In organic chemistry you need to the basic mechanisms like induction effects, stability, Order of Acidity. You need to learn the various reactions of Alcohol, amines and their tests.
There are some common questions which usually comes in Entrance exams, so you need to practice sample papers and try to understand each part. You can gave 1Hr each day and you will be fine.
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can u pls tell me the proper time management for a student who is preparing for both boards as well as entrance?
Experts;-
@aarushi
when I was in 12th standard, my main aim was to prepare for entrance exams. All the concepts you learned for entrance can easily be applied in board exams. In physics you just need to learn derivations which are not in entrance. So preparing for entrance exams should be your main priority and then preparing for board exams will be as easy as moving knife in the cake.